English Grammar Uses of Prepositions with Rules and Examples
Uses of Prepositions
इस अध्याय में अँगरेजी के कुछ प्रमुख Prepositions के प्रयोग को विभिन्न वाक्यों के माध्यम से बताया जा रहा है । आप इन वाक्यों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें और समझें ।
1. About : के संबंध में / के बारे में / के लगभग / होने होने को
Do you know about him? ~ क्या तुम उसके बारे में जानते हो ?
It is about ten o'clock. ~ दस बजने वाला है ।
The train is about to start ~ गाड़ी खुलने ही वाली है ।
2. Above : के ऊपर ( लेकिन सटा हुआ नहीं), से ऊपर
We were flying above clouds. ~ हमलोग बादलों के ऊपर उड़ रहे थे।
He is above forty. ~ उसकी उम्र चालीस से ऊपर है ।
3. After : के बाद, के पीछे
He came after ten o'clock. ~ वह दस बजे के बाद आया ।
April comes after March. ~ अप्रैल मार्च के बाद आता है ।
I will enter after you. ~ मैं तुम्हारे बाद प्रवेश करूँगा ।
4. Against : के विरुद्ध
I am not against you. ~ मैं तुम्हारे विरुद्ध नहीं हूँ ।
This is against the law. ~ यह नियम के विरुद्ध है ।
5. Among & Between : इन दोनों का अर्थ होता है 'बीच में', पर इनमें अंतर यह है कि जहाँ Between का प्रयोग दो व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के साथ होता है वहीं Among का प्रयोग तीन या तीन से अधिक व्यक्तियों या वस्तुओं के साथ। जैसे—
There is friendship between Ravi and Ali. ~ रवि और अली के बीच दोस्ती है ।
There is friendship among Ravi, Ali and Raju. ~ रवि, अली और राजू के बीच दोस्ती है ।
6. At : में, पर (निश्चित समय, छोटे स्थान, दर, स्थिति इत्यादि का बोध कराने के लिए)
He came at four o'clock. ~ वह चार बजे आया।
He came at noon. ~ वह दोपहर में आया।
He lives at Sheohar. ~ वह शिवहर में रहता है ।
Rice sells at ₹ 40 a kilo. ~ चावल चालीस रुपए किलो की दर से बिकता है ।
Sita is at school. ~ सीता स्कूल में है ।
Mohan is good at football. ~ मोहन फुटबाल में अच्छा है ।
They are at work. ~ वे लोग काम पर हैं ।
7. Before : से पहले, के पहले, के सामने
A comes before B. ~ A, B के पहले आता है ।
I will come before Holi . ~ मैं होली से पहले आऊँगा ।
June comes before July ~ जून जुलाई के पहले आता है।
He stood before the judge ~ वह जज के सामने खड़ा था ।
8. Behind : के पीछे
He hid behind the tree. ~ वह पेड़ के पीछे छिप गया।
9. Below : के नीचे
Please don't write below this line. ~ कृपया इस पंक्ति के नीचे नहीं लिखें ।
They were below twenty. ~ वे लोग बीस के नीचे थे ।
10. Beside and Besides : Beside का अर्थ है— बगल में, समीप या बाहर और इससे स्थान का बोध होता है । Besides का अर्थ है—अतिरिक्त (in addition to), अलावा ।
She was sitting beside her mother. ~ वह अपनी माँ की बगल में बैठी हुई थी।
She had no one besides her mother. ~ माँ के अलावा उसका कोई नहीं था ।
11. But : except, को छोड़कर, के अतिरिक्त ।
All but one were drowned. ~ एक को छोड़कर सभी डूब गए ।
12. By : से / द्वारा, के पास तक / में (साधन, समीपता, समय इत्यादि का बोध)
This book has been written by me. ~ यह पुस्तक मेरे द्वारा लिखी गई है।
May I pay by cheque ? ~ क्या मैं चेक से भुगतान कर सकता हूँ ?
He came by bus. ~ वह बस से आया ।
Come and sit by me. ~ आओ और मेरे पास बैठो ।
The house is by the big tree. ~ घर बड़े पेड़ के पास है ।
Finish it by 4 o'clock. ~ चार बजे तक इसे पूरा करो ।
It is 10 o'clock by my watch. ~ मेरी घड़ी में दस बजा है ।
13. For : के लिए, की ओर, से (period of time), में / के बदले
This is for you. ~ यह तुम्हारे लिए है ।
He came here for money. ~ वह पैसे के लिए यहाँ आया।
Is this train for Delhi? ~ क्या यह गाड़ी दिल्ली के लिए है?
It has been raining for two hours. ~ दो घंटों से वर्षा हो रही है।
I bought the pen for ₹5. ~ मैंने पाँच रुपए में कलम खरीदी ।
14. From : से (स्थान से अलग होने का भाव, समय का भाव, स्रोत का भाव इत्यादि)
He has come from Patna. ~ वह पटना से आया है ।
He was blind from birth. ~ वह जन्म से अंधा था ।
These lines are from the Bible. ~ ये पंक्तियाँ बाइबल से हैं ।
We make curd from milk. ~ हमलोग दूध से दही बनाते हैं ।
15. In : में [बड़े स्थान, समय, स्थिरता (के भीतर), पोशाक, पेशा इत्यादि का भाव दर्शाने में]
He lives in India. ~ वह भारत में रहता है ।
I play in the morning. ~ मैं सुबह में खेलता हूँ ।
She is in the room. ~ वह कमरे में है ।
She was in saree. ~ वह साड़ी में थी ।
He is in the army. ~ वह सेना में है।
What is in your mind ? ~ तुम्हारे दिमाग में क्या है ?
16. Into : में (बाहर से भीतर की ओर जाने का भाव, एक वस्तु से दूसरी वस्तु में बदलने का भाव इत्यादि)
She fell into the river. ~ वह नदी में गिर गई ।
He came into my room. ~ वह मेरे कमरे में आया।
Heat turns water into vapour. ~ गरमी पानी को वाष्प में परिवर्तित करती है ।
17. Of : का/की/के (संबंध / अधिकार, माप / तौल - material, अंश, कारण इत्यादि का बोध)
Ram was the son of Dashratha. ~ राम दशरथ के पुत्र थे।
He bought a kilo of sugar. ~ उसने एक किलो चीनी खरीदी ।
This is made of wood. ~ यह लकड़ी का बना है ।
He is a member of the team. ~ वह दल का सदस्य है ।
He died of cholera. ~ वह हैजा के कारण मरा ।
I know nothing of him. ~ मैं उसके बारे में कुछ नहीं जानता हूँ ।
18. Off : से (स्थान से अलग होने का भाव )
Keep off the knife. ~ चाकू से दूर रहो।
He fell off the bike. ~ वह बाइक से गिर गया।
19. On : पर (वस्तु या व्यक्ति से सटा हुआ — स्थान का भाव ), को (समय का भाव)
Put the book on the table. ~ किताब को टेबुल पर रखो ।
They are sitting on the grass. ~ वे लोग घास पर बैठे हैं ।
He came on Monday. ~ वह सोमवार को आया ।
They went on 10 April. ~ वे 10 अप्रैल को गए ।
20. Over : के ऊपर (सटा या छूता हुआ नहीं), से ऊपर / अधिक
There was an umbrella over his head. ~ उसके सिर के ऊपर एक छाता था।
He is over sixty. ~ वे साठ से ऊपर के हैं ।
There is a bridge over the river. ~ नदी के ऊपर एक पुल है ।
21. Since : से (point of time के पहले)
He has been absent since Monday. ~ वह सोमवार से अनुपस्थित है ।
22. To : की ओर, बाकी (समय का भाव ) इत्यादि ।
I am going to school. ~ मैं स्कूल जा रहा हूँ ।
It is ten to five. ~ पाँच बजने में दस मिनट बाकी है ।
23. Towards : की ओर
He is coming towards the house.
24. Under : के नीचे, से कम
The cat was under the table. ~ बिल्ली टेबुल के नीचे थी ।
She is under eighteen. ~ वह 18 से कम की है ।
25. With : के साथ, से, द्वारा
He plays with his friend. ~ वह अपने दोस्त के साथ खेलता है।
I write with a pen. ~ मैं कलम से लिखता हूँ ।
He cut the apple with a knife. ~ उसने सेब को चाकू से काटा ।
I am always with you. ~ मैं हमेशा तुम्हारे साथ हूँ ।
He was with a bag. ~ वह बैग के साथ था ।
26. Within : के अंदर
He will come within an hour. ~ वह एक घंटे के अंदर आएगा ।
27. Without : के बिना
The pen is without a nib. ~ कलम बिना निब की है ।
We can't live without food. ~ हमलोग भोजन के बिना नहीं रह सकते ।
SOME SPECIAL HINTS
1. At & In : जहाँ At का संबंध small extent of space/time से है वहीं In का संबंध wider extent of space/time से है। जैसे—
He lives at Salempur.
He lives in Patna/Bihar/India.
I will start at seven o'clock in the morning.
She came in the morning.
2. In & Into : जहाँ In किसी चीज के भीतर स्थिरता या विश्राम को सूचित करता है, वहीं Into बाहर से भीतर आने की गति को सूचित करता है । जैसे—
The frog is in the well. (विश्राम)
The frog fell into the well. (गति)
The robbers entered into the room. (गति)
3. With & By : किसी कार्य को संपादित करने के लिए जहाँ कोई प्रयुक्त उपकरणों (tools) या भौतिक वस्तुओं (material instruments) के पहले With का प्रयोग किया जाता है, वहीं agent or doer (जो प्रायः मनुष्य या भाववाचक संज्ञा रहता है) के पहले By का प्रयोग किया जाता है । जैसे—
He was beaten with a stick.
He was beaten by his teacher.
The letter was written by him with a pen.
4. Since & From: Future Tense में Point of Time Since प्रयोग नहीं होता, इसके बदले From का प्रयोग होता है । जैसे—
I shall have been doing this from January.
I shall be absent from Monday.
5. (a) जब Intransitive Verb के बाद कोई Noun / Pronoun आता है, तब Verb और Noun/Pronoun के बीच में एक Preposition अवश्य आता है। जैसे—
He is going to Patna. I depend on him.
(b) जब Transitive Verb के बाद कोई Noun / Pronoun आता है, तब Verb और Noun/Pronoun के बीच में Preposition नहीं आता। जैसे—
She loves me. The child is drinking milk.
I know him very well. The poet describes Nature.
He reads a book. We should obey our elders.
WORDS FOLLOWED BY APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions का प्रयोग करने में सावधानी बरतने की आवश्यकता होती है, क्योंकि अँगरेजी में ऐसे अनेक शब्द हैं, जिनके साथ किसी खास Preposition का प्रयोग होता है। कुछ शब्दों के साथ विभिन्न अर्थों में भिन्न-भिन्न Prepositions का प्रयोग किया जाता है । अतः किसी शब्द के साथ Preposition लगाने से पहले यह ध्यान दें कि अभीष्ट शब्द जिस अर्थ / भाव के लिए प्रयुक्त हो रहा है उसके लिए कोई खास Preposition है या नहीं। अगर है तो उस खास Preposition का प्रयोग करना वहाँ आवश्यक होगा। जैसे—
1. He lives in India. (वह भारत में रहता है ।)
2. He lives at Hajipur. ( वह हाजीपुर में रहता है ।)
3. The cow lives on grass. (गाय घास पर जीवित रहती है ।)
अब हम कुछ शब्द और उनके साथ प्रयुक्त होनेवाले Appropriate Prepositions दे रहे हैं, जिन्हें ध्यान से पढ़ें और समझें—
1. According to : You should do according to the rules.
2. Afraid of: I am not afraid of ghosts.
3. Agree with (a person ) : I agree with you.
4. Agree to (a proposal ) : I do not agree to your proposal.
5. Agree on ( a point) : We all agree on this point.
(Note : We agree with a person; we agree to a proposal; we agree on a point.)
6. Angry with (a person ) : The teacher was angry with me.
7. Angry at (something) : The teacher was angry at my mistake.
(Note: We feel angry with a person at something.)
8. Apply to a person: She applied to the Principal.
9. Apply for something : She applied for three days' leave.
(Note: We apply to a person for something.)
10. Ashamed of: I am ashamed of my failure.
11. Belong to: This book belongs to me.
12. Beware of: Beware of the dog / of bad company.
13. Blind of (the eye ) : He is blind of one eye.
14. Blind to (one's fault ) : He is blind to his son's fault.
15. Busy with: He is busy with his work.
16. Care for: You must care for your health. (care as a verb)
17. Care of: You must take care of your health. (care as a noun )
18. Congratulate on: He congratulated me on my success.
19. Consist of: Our family consists of five members.
20. Close to: He is very close to me.
21. Deal in (something): He deals in rice.
22. Deal with (a person): We should deal with our friends sincerely.
23. Dear to: He/she is dear to me.
24. Depend on (person or thing): He depends on his brother.
25. Die of: He died of cholera.
26. Escape from: The robber escaped from jail.
27. Faithful to: The dog is always faithful to his master.
28. Fond of: I am fond of sweets.
29. Full of: The pot is full of water.
30. Good at: Ravi is good at cricket.
31. Good to: He is good to me.
32. Hope for: I hope for success.
33. Il with: He is ill with fever.
34. Interest in: I have deep interest in music.
35. Jealous of: He is jealous of me.
36. Junior to: Sita is junior to me.
37. Key to: Hard work is key to success.
38. Kind to: We should be kind to the animals.
39. Laugh at: Don't laugh at the poor.
40. Listen to: He is listening to the radio.
41. Live on: The cow lives on grass.
42. Look after: My mother looks after me.
43. Look at: Look at the blackboard.
44. Married to: Sita was married to Ram.
45. Obliged to/for: I shall be obliged to you for this.
46. Pray to: We pray to God everyday.
47. Prefer to: I prefer coffee to tea.
48. Proud of: I am proud of my brother.
49. Reply to: I have replied to these letters.
50. Rich in: Jharkhand is rich in minerals.
51. Run after: He runs after money.
52. Satisfied with: I am satisfied with you.
53. Sorry for: I am sorry for my mistakes.
54. Superior to: My pen is superior to your pen.
55. Sure of: I am sure of your success.
56. Taste for: I have no taste for music.
57. Thankful to/for: I am thankful to you for your help.
58. Tired of: I am tired of work.
59. True to: I am true to my word.
60. Wait for: I am waiting for Father.
Vocabulary:
1. according to—के अनुसार
2. afraid of—भयभीत, ghost—भूत
3. agree — सहमत, सहमत होना
4. proposal — प्रस्ताव
5. point—बिंदु
6. angry—क्रुद्ध
7. apply—आवेदन करना
8. ashamed—लज्जित
9. belong ― से संबंध रखना
10. beware — सावधान होना या रहना
11. blind—अंधा faults—खामियाँ
12. care (v)—ध्यान रखना
13. care (n) — ध्यान
14. congratulate बधाई देना, success—सफलता
15. consist—(से, का) बना होना
16 close —घनिष्ठ
17. deal — व्यापार करना
18. deal—बर्ताव करना
19. escape — भाग निकलना
20. faithful—वफादार, निष्ठावान्
21. fond—प्रिय
22. interest—रूचि
23. jealous— ईर्ष्यालु
24. key—कुंजी
25. live— जीवित रहना
26. look after — देखभाल करना
27. look—देखना
28. obliged — आभारी
29. prefer – (अधिक) चाहना, तरजीह देना
30. proud—गर्वित
31. run after — के पीछे पड़ा रहना
32. reply—जवाब देना
33. satisfied—संतुष्ट
34. sorry—दु:खी
35. superior—बेहतर
36. sure—आश्वस्त
37. taste — स्वाद, रुचि, झुकाव
38. thankful—कृतज्ञ, एहसानमंद
39. tired— थका हुआ
40. true — सच्चा, निष्ठावान्, निष्कपट
41. wait—इंतजार करना ।
EXAMPLES WORKED OUT
[A] Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. He lives ........ Bihar. (in, at, on)
2. I live ........ Ara. (in, at, on)
3. The fan is ........ my head. (on, at, over)
4. He is writing ........ a pen. (by, with, from)
5. There is a book ........ the table. (at, on, over)
6. She bought it ........ ₹10. (for, on, with)
7. The book was written ........ him. (with, from, by)
8. He jumped ........ the river. (in, into, on)
9. He came ........ train. (with, on, by)
10. What is the time ....... your watch? (by, in, with)
11. He is sitting ....... the room. (in, at, on)
12. He came here ........ Monday. (since, on, at)
13. He came ........ 5 o'clock. (since, on, at)
14. I was born ..... 2010. (at, on, in)
15. He is ........ Ravi and Gopi. (among, between, in)
Ans. 1. in 2. at 3. over 4. with 5. on 6. for 7. by 8. into 9. by 10. by 11. in 12. on 13. at 14. in 15. between
[B] Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. He came ........ 6 o'clock ........ the evening.
2. The child fell ........ the well.
3. He has a hat ........ his head.
4. Sita is ........ school.
5. C comes ........ D.
6. I go to school ........ bus.
7. It has been raining ........ five hours.
8. She has been sleeping ........ morning.
9. We make curd ........ milk.
10. We play ....... the evening.
11. The chair is made ....... wood.
12. I don't agree ....... you.
13. This book belongs ....... me.
14. He is junior ........ me.
15. They are tired ........ work.
16. Please listen ....... me.
17. Why are you laughing ....... him?
18. My teacher is very kind ........ me.
19. He cut the apple ....... a knife.
20. He was born ........ 10 July ........ 2010.
Ans. 1. at, in 2. into 3. on 4. at 5. before 6. by 7. for 8. since 9. from 10. in 11. of 12. with 13. to 14. to 15. of 16. to 17. at 18. to 19. with 20. on, in
EXERCISE 57
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. I do not know …… him. (about, for)
2. It is .…. ten o'clock. (of, about)
3. The sky is ........ the earth. (on, above)
4. November comes …… October. (after, before)
5. July comes …… August. (after, before)
6. The mangoes were divided …… my two sons. (among, between)
7. The mangoes were divided ....... my four sons. (among, between)
8. He will come ....... the morning. (in, at)
9. He came ....... 7 o'clock. (in, at)
10. She lives ....... Nepal. (in, at)
11. Rice sells ........ ₹ 40/- a kilo. (at, by)
12. My son is good ....... cricket. (in, at)
13. The work was done ........ him. (at, by)
14. He killed the bird ........ a stone. (with, by)
15. What is the time ........ your watch? (in, by)
16. He came …... bus. (by, on)
17. This frock is ........ my sister. (about, for)
18. I have been running ........ an hour. (since, for)
19. She has been running ....... 8 o'clock. (since, for)
20. I bought the bicycle ........ ₹500. (at, for)
EXERCISE 58
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. He has come ........ Patna. (in, from)
2. What is he doing ....... the room? (at, in)
3. My brother is ........ the Navy. (at, in)
4. She jumped ........ the river. (in, into)
5. He was swimming ........ the river. (in, into)
6. She was sitting ....... her sister. (beside, besides)
7. What is ........ the box? (in, at)
8. The book is ........ the box. (in, at)
9. This box is made ........ steel. (from, of)
10. He hid ........ the tree. (on, behind)
11. Give me a kilo ........ rice. (of, at)
12. She died ........ cholera. (of, from)
13. He is a member ........ my team. (of, at)
14. I am not ........ her. (besides, against)
15. He will come ........ Monday. (at, on)
16. Stand up ........ the bench. (at, on)
17. All ...... one were killed. (in, but)
18. There was an umbrella ..... my head. (over, on)
19. It is five ........ eleven. (to, by)
20. The cat was ........ the table. (under, over)
EXERCISE 59
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. She is writing ....... a pen. (by, with)
2. She was taught ....... me. (by, to)
3. He will come ....... a month. (for, within)
4. She cut the apple ....... a knife. (by, with)
5. Can you live ...... air? (without, with)
6. The letter was written ...... him ...... a pen. (with, on, by)
7. You should do according ...... the rules. (by, to)
8. I am proud ........ my son. (with, of)
9. I am not satisfied ........ your work. (with, by)
10. I agree ....... you ....... that point. (on, with, to)
11. You should take care ........ your health. (at, of)
12. The merchant deals ........ rice. (in, with)
13. She has no taste ........ music. (of, for)
14. He has not replied ........ my letter. (to, by)
15. I am fond ........ music. (of, to)
16. She was married ........ my cousin. (to, with)
17. Who are you waiting .........? (for, of)
18. This book consists ........ 100 pages. (with, of)
19. I am not jealous ........ you. (for, of)
20. Early rising is key ........ my good health. (of, to)
EXERCISE 60
Direction Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. You should not laugh ....... him. (at, on)
2. I am senior ........ you. (to, from)
3. I prefer milk ........ tea. (to, from)
4. She is good ........ English. (in, at)
5. I congratulated him ...... his success. (on, for)
6. You should be ashamed ....... your conduct. (of, on)
7. What are you afraid ........? (to, of)
8. I pray ....... God every day. (to, of)
9. He is angry ....... me ....... my behaviour. (in, with, at)
10. She is tired ....... work. (of, on)
11. I am true ....... my word. (of, to)
12. I am sorry ....... this. (to, for)
13. Why is she close ....... you? (to, with)
14. Please listen ........ me. (on, to)
15. She is obliged ........ you for your help. (from, to)
16. Are you sure ........ your success? (of, to)
17. The rich man runs ........ money. (at, after)
18. He has applied ........ the Principal ........ leave. (of, for, to)
19. This car belongs ........ my uncle. (to, for)
20. I don't care ........ her. (of, for)
EXERCISE 61
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable prepositions.
1. Mr Gupta is blind ....... one eye.
2. Can man live ....... grass?
3. I am not interested ....... music.
4. You should give ....... smoking.
5. Look ....... the blackboard.
6. I bought this hat ........ ten rupees.
7. I will go ........ Patna ........ car.
8. Wait ........ me. Don't go ........ me.
9. May I pay ........ cheque?
10. The fact is known ........ me.
11. It is now six minutes ........ ten.
12. The train is ........ to start.
13. No one writes to me ........ you.
14. What can I do ........ you?
15. He spoke ........ me ........ the evening.
16. He was blind ........birth.
17. The train starts …… Patna and goes …… New Delhi.
18. I am thankful ........ you ........ your help.
19. The vegetables were cut ........ Mother ....... a knife.
20. I am interested ..... chess but I am not good ....... it.
***
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