English Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement Rules with Examples Guide
Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject और Verb के बीच तालमेल (agreement) आवश्यक है । अर्थात्, Verb का वही Number और Person होता है जो उसके Subject का होता है इसलिए किसी वाक्य में Verb का प्रयोग करने के पहले यह जानना आवश्यक हो जाता है कि उसके Subject का Number और Person क्या है । इसके लिए यहाँ कुछ नियम बताए जा रहे हैं, जिन्हें आप ध्यान से समझें ।
1. जब Noun के अंत में -s/es लगता है तब वह Plural हो जाता है, परंतु जब Verb के अंत में -s/es लगता है तब वह Singular हो जाता है। अर्थात्,
Noun + s/es = Plural
Verb + s/es = Singular
इस तालिका को समझें—
इस प्रकार यह स्पष्ट है कि Verb का मूल रूप हमेशा Plural Number में रहता है; जब उसमें -s/es जुड़ता है तब वह Singular हो जाता है।
2. Singular Subject के साथ Singular Verb का प्रयोग होता है और Plural Subject के साथ Plural Verb का । जैसे—
Sing.Sub. + Sing. Verb Plu.Sub.+ Plu. Verb
The boy reads. The boys read.
The cow gives milk. Cows give milk.
This pen is red. These pens are red.
My brother is a doctor. My brothers are doctors.
He was going They were going.
She was ready. They were ready.
Note 1. ‘I’ Singular है, परंतु इसके साथ Plural Number के Verb (have, eat, laugh, run, etc) का प्रयोग होता है । जैसे—
I eat an apple I love to sing.
I have a dog. I love my friends.
I have eaten. I have been sleeping.
Note 2. You का प्रयोग Singular Noun के बदले भी होता है और Plural Noun के बदले भी, परंतु दोनों ही परिस्थितियों में इसके साथ Plural Verb का ही प्रयोग होता है। जैसे—
You are a student. You were my friend.
You are students. You were my friends.
3. यदि वाक्य में Subject के रूप में या वाक्य के Subject में each, every, either, neither, one, everyone, anyone, no one, someone, somebody, nobody, much, a little, little इत्यादि प्रयुक्त रहें, तो Verb Singular Number में प्रयुक्त होगा। जैसे—
Each boy has a pen. No one is ready to go.
Neither of them is guilty. Nobody was there.
Everyone was present. Much has been said on this.
Either way is safe. Every boy and girl was awarded.
4. both, many, several, few, a few, these, those, two, three, four, etc. से Plural Number का बोध होता है । अतः वाक्य के Subject के रूप में या वाक्य के Subject में यदि ये प्रयुक्त रहें, तो Verb Plural Number में प्रयुक्त होगा । जैसे—
Both of them are guilty. A few persons are honest.
Many boys are there. Those are your books.
Several apples were rotten. Three cows are grazing there.
5. यदि किसी वाक्य का Subject ‘as well as, along with, together with, with, and not, like, unlike, including, excluding, but, except' या ‘besides’ के द्वारा joint रहे, तो वाक्य का Verb इन शब्दों के पहले प्रयुक्त होनेवाले पद के अनुसार Singular या Plural होगा । जैसे—
He, as well as his children, is honest.
I, as well as they, am ready to go there.
All the players, with the captain, are present in the ground.
The terrorist, with all his group members, was arrested.
He, and not I, has done it.
He, along with his friends, is coming today.
6. यदि वाक्य के Subject में प्रयुक्त दो या दो से अधिक Nouns/Pronouns को or, nor, either ..... or या neither.... nor से अलग किया जाए, तो Verb अपने से सबसे नजदीक आनेवाले Noun/Pronoun के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होगा । जैसे—
Either you or he is guilty.
Neither he nor I am guilty.
Are you or he to blame?
You or he is to blame.
Either Ram or his friends are guilty.
7. कुछ वाक्यों में Subject की बनावट इस प्रकार रहती है—
Noun + Preposition + Noun + .......
the cow of Ram the boys of this school
the cows of Ram the water of these rivers
ऐसे वाक्यों में Verb का प्रयोग प्रथम Noun के अनुसार होता है । जैसे—
The cow of Ram is ill.
The cows of Ram are ill.
The water of these rivers is dirty.
The honesty of the Chinese is doubtful.
8. यदि वाक्य का Subject कोई ऐसा Noun हो जिससे निश्चित दूरी, समय, मात्रा, रकम या वजन का बोध होता हो, तो Plural रहने पर भी ऐसे Subjects के साथ Singular Verbs का प्रयोग होता है, क्योंकि उनसे संख्या का बोध न होकर निश्चित मात्रा, माप या परिमाण का बोध होता है । जैसे—
Forty miles is a long distance to walk.
Ten rupees was given to me.
Ten hours is enough for the work.
Five tons of coal is needed for the work.
9. जब दो अंक and से संयुक्त रहते हैं, तब उनके लिए प्रयुक्त Verb प्रायः Singular Number में ही रहता है । जैसे—
Two and two is four.
10. यदि वाक्य का Subject 'The + Adjective' हो, तो Verb Plural होगा । जैसे—
The poor are honest. The old are helpless.
The rich are happy. The blind have their own way.
11. कुछ ऐसे Singular Nouns हैं जो and से जुड़े रहते हैं और प्रयोग में बराबर एक साथ आते हैं, मानों एक Noun दूसरे का जोड़ा हो। ऐसे वाक्यों का Verb सदा Singular रहता है क्योंकि उनसे एक ही वस्तु, भाव-विशेष का बोध होता है, अलग-अलग दो वस्तुओं का नहीं । जैसे—
Rice and curry is my favourite dish.
Bread and butter is a rich food.
Slow and steady wins the race.
Time and tide wait for none.
अपवाद : अंतिम वाक्य में Verb Plural Number में प्रयुक्त हुआ है ।
12. There से आरंभ होनेवाले वाक्यों के Verbs उनके असली Subjects के अनुसार प्रयुक्त होते हैं, जो वाक्यों में there के बाद प्रयुक्त रहते हैं । जैसे—
There is a boy. (boy— असली subject)
There are boys. (boys— असली subject)
There is no book in the box. (book—Singular Number)
There are no books in the box. (books—Plural Number)
13. कुछ ऐसे विषय, बीमारी, खेल, किताब, देश और शहर के नाम हैं जिनके अंत में s लगा रहता है, फिर भी इनके साथ Singular Verb का ही प्रयोग होता है। जैसे—
बीमारियों के नाम — measles, mumps, etc.
खेलों के नाम — billiards, darts, etc.
विषयों के नाम — mathematics, physics, phonetics, statistics, linguistics, etc.
देश और शहर के नाम — Wales, Athens, The United States, etc.
Measles is a dangerous disease.
Mathematics is not an easy subject.
The United States is a great country.
Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare is an interesting book.
14. कुछ Nouns के दो भाग (part) होते हैं । उनका एक भाग दूसरे भाग से अलग नहीं हो सकता । जैसे—
scissors (कैंची), spectacles ( चश्मा ), trousers/pyjamas (पतलून / पायजामा), tongs (चिमटा), shoes ( जूते) आदि ।
जब ये subject (कर्ता) के रूप में प्रयुक्त होते हैं, तब इनके साथ Plural Verb का प्रयोग होता है, लेकिन यदि इनके पहले A pair of आ जाए, तो Singular Verb का प्रयोग होगा । जैसे—
My scissors are very sharp. (are — Plural)
Your trousers are very loose. (are — Plural)
His spectacles were very costly. (were — Plural)
A pair of scissors has been lost. (has — Singular)
A pair of trousers has been bought. (has — Singular)
EXERCISE 51
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable verbs, choosing from the brackets—
Examples:
(a) You, he and I ....... friends. (am, are)
Ans.―are
(b) Each of the boys ....... come. (have, has)
Ans.―has
(c) Every book ........ on the table. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(d) Several boys ........ bicycles. (has, have)
Ans.―have
(e) Either of you ........ wrong. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(f) Many students ....... absent. (is, are)
Ans.―are
(g) I along with my friends.....going. (was, were)
Ans.—was
(h) Either he or I ........ mistaken. (is, am)
Ans.―am
(i) Each boy and girl ....... come. (has, have)
Ans.―has
(j) Neither the boys nor the teacher ........ present. (was, were)
Ans.―was
1. You and he ....... present. (was, were)
2. The students ....... slept. (has, have)
3. Those houses ...... new. (were, was)
4. Every child ........ a toy. (has, have)
5. Every man and woman ...... equal right. (has, have)
6. Each of them ........ rewarded. (was, were)
7. Either boy ........ guilty. (is, are)
8. Either of the girls ........ present. (was, were)
9. Either book ........ useful. (is, are)
10. Neither of them ........ innocent. (was, were)
11. Everyone ........ pleased there. (was, were)
12. No one ....... absent in the class. (was, were)
13. Someone ........ stolen my pen. (have, has)
14. Only a little water ....... there. (was, were)
15. Several boys ........ playing. (is, are)
16. Many manoges ....... not sweet. (is, are)
17. A few books ........ useful. (is, are)
18. Few persons ........ there. (were, was)
19. I, as well as my father, ...... this. (know, knows)
20. She, as well as I, ....... going there. (is, am)
21. He, along with his friends, ..... arrived. (have, has)
22. Neither you nor he ........ guilty. (is, are)
23. Either Ram or his friends ....... done this. (have, has)
24. She or her sisters ........ done it. (has, have)
25. Either she or I ..... to win. (is, am)
EXERCISE 52
Direction: Fill up the blanks with suitable verbs, choosing from the brackets―
Examples:
(a) The cow of Ram ....... black. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(b) The cows of Ram ...... black. (is, are)
Ans.―are
(c) Fifty miles ...... a long distance. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(d) Five rupees ........ a small amount. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(e) Ten plus ten ....... twenty. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(f) The poor ....... honest. (is, are)
Ans.―are
(g) There ....... seven boys there. (is, are)
Ans.―are
(h) Physics ...... an interesting subject. (is, are)
Ans.―is
(i) Rice and curry ....... a good meal. (is, are)
Ans.—is
(j) The United States ....... a great country. (is, are)
Ans.―is
1. The water of these rivers ....... dirty. (is, are)
2. The eyes of the elephant ....... small. (is, are)
3. The books on the table ....... mine. (is, are)
4. The colour of these flowers ..... bright. (is, are)
5. Ten kilos of sugar ....... needed. (is, are)
6. Six miles ....... a long distance. (is, are)
7. Five hundred rupees ....... paid to me. (was, were)
8. Five and five ....... ten. (is, are)
9. Ten times five ....... fifty. (is, are)
10. Ten hours ....... not enough for this. (is, are)
11. The blind ....... helpless. (is, are)
12. The rich ....... proud. (is, are)
13. There ....... a pen in his pocket. (is, are)
14. There ....... two pens in his pocket. (is, are)
15. There ...... a boy and a girl there. (was, were)
16. Bread and butter ....... a rich food. (is, are)
17. Mathematics ...... an interesting subject. (is, are)
18. The teeth of the boy ...... white. (is, are)
19. She, and not I, ....... wrong. (is, am)
20. The people of this village ...... happy. (is, are)
21. Each of the boys ...... intelligent. (is, are)
22. You, as well as he, ....... guilty. (is, are)
23. Either he or I ....... mistaken. (is, am)
24. Neither of them ....... present. (was, were)
25. You and I ...... neighbours. (am, are)
26. My scissors ....... very sharp. (is, are)
27. A pair of shoes ..... been bought. (has, have)
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