Voice in English Grammar: Active and Passive Voice Rules
Voice
Voice : Voice किसी वाक्य में प्रयुक्त verb का वह रूप है जो यह दिखाता है कि या तो कर्ता कुछ करता है या स्वयं कर्ता पर ही कुछ घटित होता है । Voice दो प्रकार के होते हैं—
1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice
1. Active Voice : यदि किसी वाक्य का कर्ता क्रिया का संपादन करता है, तो उस वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Verb को Active Voice में होना समझा जाता है।
A verb is said to be in the active voice when its form shows that the person or the thing denoted by the subject does something.
2. Passive Voice : यदि वाक्य का कर्ता सक्रिय नहीं है, क्रिया का संपादन नहीं करता, बल्कि क्रिया उसी पर संपादित होती है, तो प्रयुक्त Verb को Passive Voice में होना समझा जाता है ।
A verb is said to be in the passive voice when its form shows that something is done to the person or the thing denoted by the subject.
अर्थात्,
(i) यदि Subject doer है, तो Verb Active Voice में
(ii) यदि Subject receiver of the action है, तो Verb Passive Voice में
इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें—
1. Ram teaches. ~ राम पढ़ाता है । ( Active voice)
2. Ram is taught. ~ राम को पढ़ाया जाता है । (Passive voice)
यहाँ प्रथम वाक्य में राम पढ़ाने का काम करता है, अर्थात् वह doer (काम करनेवाला) है। अतः प्रयुक्त Verb teaches' Active Voice में हुआ। दूसरे वाक्य में राम कुछ करता नहीं है, बल्कि उसी पर पढ़ाने का काम संपादित होता है। यहाँ Ram doer नहीं है । अतः प्रयुक्त verb ‘is taught' Passive Voice में हुआ ।
Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने का नियम
इसे ध्यान से देखें और समझे—
Voice का interchanging करते वक्त Active Verb के Object को Passive Verb का Subject बना दिया जाता है और Active Verb के Subject को Passive Verb का agent बना दिया जाता है। अगर यह agent वाक्य के अर्थ / भाव को स्पष्ट करने के लिए आवश्यक हुआ तो इसे clause/sentence के अंत में by या अन्य उपयुक्त preposition लगाकर रख दिया जाता है, अन्यथा इसका लोप कर दिया जाता है। विशेष ध्यान Verb पर देने की जरूरत होती है।
Active Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए अभीष्ट Main Verb को Past Participle Tense में बदला जाता है और उसके पहले Verb 'to be' का प्रयोग उपयुक्त Number, Person और Tense में किया जाता है ।
Note: Pronoun जब subject के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता है, तब वह Nominative Case में रहता है और जब Object के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता है, तब वह Objective Case में रहता है ।
Nominative Case I, we, you, he, she, it, they
Objective Case me, us, you, him, her, it, them
अब विभिन्न Tenses के Active Verbs को Passive में बदलने की प्रक्रिया पर विचार करें—
1. PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
[ Passive Verb Form : am/is/are + V3]
Active Passive
Ram eats a mango. A mango is eaten by Ram.
Ram eats mangoes. Mangoes are eaten by Ram.
I love him. He is loved by me.
He loves me. I am loved by him.
She teaches you. You are taught by her.
We respect him. He is respected by us.
EXERCISE 64
Direction : Change the following into the passive voice—
1. Mohan eats a mango.
2. Mohan eats mangoes.
3. I eat a mango.
4. We eat mangoes.
5. I love you.
6. You love me.
7. She helps them.
8. They help her.
9. They help me.
10. We help him.
11. Mohan beats Sohan.
12. Sohan beats me.
13. I like it.
14. She sings a song.
15. I write a letter.
16. My brother loves me.
17. I love my brother.
18. This boy helps me.
19. I help that boy.
20. She sells toys.
21. They cook rice.
22. He posts the letter.
23. She likes your brother.
24. Your brother likes her.
25. He helps everybody.
26. I follow the rules.
27. I help the poor.
28. My father likes this.
29. I help those poor boys.
30. They answer the question
Note: इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें—
1. Active She loves me.
Passive I am loved by her.
2. Active People speak Hindi in Bihar.
Passive Hindi is spoken in Bihar.
यहाँ प्रथम वाक्य के Passive में by + agent (by her) का प्रयोग हुआ है, जो आवश्यक है। दूसरे वाक्य के Passive में by + agent (by people) का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है क्योंकि यहाँ Passive Sentence के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए by + agent देना आवश्यक नहीं है। Active से Passive बनाते समय Agent का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब agent का प्रयोग वाक्य के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक होता है । जब Active Verb का Subject one, someone, somebody nobody, people या अन्य vague/understood/ common Subject रहता है, तब Passive verb प्रयुक्त होने पर इसका लोप हो जाता है। कुछ वाक्यों में I, we, you, they, he, she, a man, a boy जैसे agents का भी आवश्यकतानुसार Passive verb प्रयुक्त होने पर लोप कर दिया जाता है। अतः आप वाक्य के अर्थ को समझते हुए यह निर्णय लें कि अभीष्ट Passive Sentence में Agent का प्रयोग आवश्यक है या नहीं।
Solved Examples:
1. Active We expect good news.
Passive Good news is expected.
2. Active No one respects a dishonest man in our society.
Passive A dishonest man is not respected in our society.
3. Active In India, people worship the cow.
Passive In India, the cow is worshipped.
EXERCISE 65
Direction: Change the following into the passive voice—
[Hint: सिर्फ 5 और 8 में ही by + agent का प्रयोग करें, अन्य के साथ नहीं । ]
1. People speak English all over the world.
2. People grow cotton in India.
3. We expect good news.
4. In our country, we exploit the poor.
5. Every day my father teaches me.
6. People remember Bhagat Singh for his bravery.
7. Everyone hates Mohan because he is a thief.
8. Our leaders misguide us.
9. We keep butter here.
10. One uses milk for making curd and sweets.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: am/is/are + being + V3]
Active Passive
I am eating a mango. A mango is being eaten by me.
They are singing songs. Songs are being sung (by them).
He is helping his mother. His mother is being helped by him.
She is vexing me. I am being vexed by her.
They are doing it. It is being done by them.
They are cutting the old trees. The old trees are being cut.
EXERCISE 66
Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice—
1. She is eating a mango.
2. She is eating mangoes.
3. I am writing a letter.
4. He is helping me.
5. He is helping us.
6. They are helping her.
7. I am learning it.
8. She is drawing a picture.
9. He is cleaning the car.
10. The cat is drinking milk.
11. He is cutting the tree.
12. He is cutting the trees.
13. She is cooking food.
14. They are selling books.
15. She is doing nothing.
16. She is cheating me.
17. They are painting the wall.
18. I am opening the door.
19. They are watching the match.
20. I am solving the sum.
Solved Examples:
1. Active They are doing nothing against me.
Passive Nothing is being done against me.
2. Active She is looking at me.
Passive I am being looked at by her.
3. Active She is watching you.
Passive You are being watched by her.
EXERCISE 67
Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice—
[Hint: 2, 4, 5 और 10 में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है।]
1. He is answering the question.
2. The doctor is examining the patient.
3. The children are painting the wall.
4. They are cutting the old trees.
5. We are doing nothing against you.
6. Some boys are helping the poor man.
7. He is watching you.
8. She is beating her youngest son.
9. The nurse is looking after the patient.
10. They are doing nothing for the people of India.
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: have/has + been + V3]
Active Passive
I have eaten a mango. A mango has been eaten by me.
She has finished the work. The work has been finished by her.
They have cheated me. I have been cheated by them.
She has helped us. We have been helped by her.
Ram has disturbed them. They have been disturbed by Ram.
Someone has stolen my pen. My pen has been stolen.
He has cut his finger. His finger has been cut.
They have published the result. The result has been published.
EXERCISE 68
Direction: Put the following into the passive voice—
1. I have killed two tigers.
2. She has cheated me.
3. I have helped her.
4. They have helped us.
5. He has taught her.
6. This boy has made it.
7. Ram has built the house.
8. She has invited me.
9. He has cut the trees.
10. Sita has written a letter.
11. Ram has seen me.
12. Moti has broken the glass.
13. They have followed it.
14. I have liked this.
15. I have loved you.
16. She has taught him.
17. He has cheated her.
18. Mohan has learnt it.
19. He has bought a car.
20. I have informed them.
Solved Examples:
1. Active Someone has stolen my car.
Passive My car has been stolen.
2. Active No one has seen that mad man for ten days.
Passive That mad man has not been seen for ten days.
मूल वाक्य का Subject 'No one' रहने की वजह से Passive Sentence के Verb को Negative बनाया गया है ।
EXERCISE 69
Direction Change the following into the passive voice—
[Hint: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13 और 14 by + agent देने की जरुरत नहीं है ।]
1. They have seen the ghost.
2. You have made several mistakes.
3. The police have caught the thief.
4. Someone has broken the glass.
5. We have bought some books.
6. Someone has picked my pocket.
7. He has hurt his leg in an accident.
8. No one has said anything about it.
9. They have published the result.
10. They have killed that innocent child.
11. Shakespeare has written this beautiful poem.
12. The mob has broken all the shop windows.
13. Somebody has invited you to dinner.
14. Someone has stolen my car.
15. Some of our neighbours have done this.
Note: Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense के Passive Verb Forms का प्रयोग सामान्यतया नहीं होता । इसलिए हम इस पुस्तक में इन चारों Tenses के Passive Verb Forms की चर्चा नहीं करेंगे। इस पुस्तक को पढ़ने के बाद आप Oxford Current English Grammar अवश्य पढ़ें, जिसमें इन चारों Tenses के Passive Verb Forms की चर्चा विस्तारपूर्वक की गई है।
4. PAST INDEFINITE TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: was/were + V3]
Active Passive
I ate a mango. A mango was eaten by me.
I ate some mangoes. Some mangoes were eaten by me.
The police arrested him. He was arrested.
He wrote the letters. The letters were written by him.
Someone stole my pen. My pen was stolen.
EXERCISE 70
Direction: Put the following into the passive voice—
[Hint: 9, 11 और 13 के Passive में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
1. I helped you.
2. You helped me.
3. He bought a car.
4. She warned him.
5. I ate mangoes.
6. They won the match.
7. She taught the boys.
8. I broke the glass.
9. The police caught the thief.
10. He finished the work soon.
11. The robbers robbed him.
12. The fire damaged the building.
13. They looted the house.
14. She challenged me.
15. She made it.
16. I invited both of them.
17. I made several mistakes.
18. She found the lost bag.
19. I cleaned the cars.
20. I posted all the letters.
Solved Examples:
1. Active A girl saved my life.
Passive My life was saved by a girl.
2. Active They admired him for his bravery.
Passive He was admired for his bravery.
3. Active Most of them opposed me.
Passive I was opposed by most of them.
EXERCISE 71
Direction Turn the following into the passive—
[Hint : 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12 और 15 में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
1. The doctor examined the patient.
2. Shakespeare wrote "As you like it."
3. They admired him for his courage.
4. They looted the house yesterday.
5. They found him guilty of murder.
6. The Indians won the match.
7. Most people opposed this.
8. The farmer saved the snake's life.
9. The police arrested some thieves last night.
10. Tigers attacked the travellers.
11. A boy of ten saved my life.
12. They warned me again and again.
13. Most of our men opposed this.
14. No one loved me.
15. Someone stole my purse in the train.
5. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: was/were + being + V³]
Active Passive
He was eating a mango. A mango was being eaten by him.
He was watching them. They were being watched by him.
She was vexing me. I was being vexed by her.
They were killing animals. Animals were being killed.
She was supporting me. I was being supported by her.
EXERCISE 72
Direction: Turn the following into the passive voice—
[Hint : नीचे दिए गए 17 वाक्यों में 7 ऐसे वाक्य हैं जिनके Passive में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है ।]
1. He was helping me.
2. He was helping them.
3. I was writing a letter.
4. She was teaching the student.
5. She was teaching the students.
6. I was solving the problem.
7. The students were answering the question.
8. My father was teaching my brother and sister.
9. They were killing the birds for nothing.
10. The doctor was examining the patients.
11. The girl was drawing the picture.
12. They were repairing the bridge.
13. They were discussing the matter.
14. They were taking him to hospital.
15. My brother was watching the match.
16. We were expecting good news.
17. They were playing the match.
6. PAST PERFECT TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: had been + V3]
Active Passive
I had done the work. The work had been done by me.
She had written the letter. The letter had been written by her.
She had informed us. We had been informed by her.
Somebody had stolen my pen. My pen had been stolen.
Ram had completed the work. The work had been completed by Ram.
EXERCISE 73
Direction: Turn the following into the passive―
[Hint: इन 20 वाक्यों में 12 ऐसे वाक्य हैं, जिनके Passive में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
1. I had painted the wall.
2. She had informed me.
3. They had already cheated us. (had already been)
4. He had done the work.
5. She had taught the student.
6. He had sold his horses.
7. The robbers had robbed the villagers.
8. Somebody had already told him.
9. They had arranged everything.
10. The fire had burnt my house to ashes.
11. Somebody had told him the news.
12. The doctor had examined me..
13. He had informed me.
14. He had broken his leg.
15. She had posted all the letters.
16. Nobody had done anything. (had not been)
17. The doctor had examined the patient.
18. The boys had collected the books.
19. They had informed the police of the accident.
20. Somebody had stolen his bicycle.
7. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: shall/will + be + V3]
Active Passive
I shall help you. You will be helped by me.
She will teach you. You will be taught by her.
He will help me. I shall be helped by him.
People will forget it. It will be forgotten.
No one will solve your problem. Your problem will not be solved.
They will start the show in two months. The show will be started in two months.
EXERCISE 74
Direction Turn the following into the passive voice―
[इन 20 वाक्यों में 10 ऐसे वाक्य हैं, जिनके Passive में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
1. He will do this.
2. She will help me.
3. You will help us.
4. The boy will take it.
5. She will cheat you.
6. They will support me.
7. I shall solve the problem.
8. The police will arrest the thief.
9. We shall welcome him.
10. People will remember him.
11. Nobody will play the match. (will not be)
12. Somebody will beat you one day. (You ..... one day.)
13. I shall never forget those happy days. (will never be)
14. Everyone will blame you.
15. They will build the road by March. (... by March.)
16. We shall win the match.
17. We shall follow him.
18. They will not neglect us.
19. They will publish two books in June. (.... in June.)
20. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow. (The matter .... tomorrow.)
8. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
[Passive Verb Form: shall/will + have been + V3]
1. Active I shall have written the book.
Passive The book will have been written by me.
2. Active They will have informed us.
Passive We shall have been informed.
3. Active They will have done the work by next Monday.
Passive The work will have been done by next Monday.
EXERCISE 75
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
[Hint: 3, 11, 14 और 15 में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
1. I shall have taught him.
2. She will have completed the work.
3. The police will have arrested the thief.
4. We shall have bought the books.
5. They will have solved the problem.
6. She will have cheated you.
7. He will have informed me.
8. They will have killed the tiger.
9. My father will have bought a car.
10. The children will have eaten the cakes.
11. The robbers will have robbed him.
12. I shall have proved it.
13. They will have cheated our friends.
14. They will have discussed the matter.
15. They will have built the road by March.
9. MODAL VERBS: PASSIVE VERB FORM
shall, will, can, could, may, might, should, would, must, ought इत्यादि Modal Auxiliaries हैं। जब इनके बाद Transitive Verb प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब हम Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित form का प्रयोग करते हैं—
modal auxiliary + be + V3
Active Passive
They will kill the tiger. The tiger will be killed (by them).
I can lift it. It can be lifted by me.
They could solve the problem. The problem could be solved.
He may defeat you. You may be defeated by him.
You must help your brother. Your brother must be helped.
One should keep one's promises. Promises should be kept.
He could kill the lion. The lion could be killed by him.
We should help the poor. The poor should be helped.
None can challenge him. He cannot be challenged.
Everyone will blame us. We shall be blamed by everyone.
We must help the poor. The poor must be helped.
You must write the answers in ink. The answers must be written in ink.
EXERCISE 76
Direction : Turn the following into the passive—
1. You can do it.
2. I can kill a tiger.
3. He can win the match.
4. She can defeat him.
5. He may do this.
6. He could beat Raju.
7. I could help you.
8. He might solve it.
9. They may defeat us.
10. You must help the poor.
11. You must send a reply.
12. You should do this.
13. They should finish this work.
14. I should do it.
15. She could buy a car.
16. He would do it.
17. I could solve the problem.
18. Your friend will blame you.
19. She will break it.
20. One can solve it.
10. अगर Verb Phrase की बनावट am/is/are/was/were/have/has/
am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had + to be + V³
Active Passive
I am to do it. It had to be done by me.
I was to do it. It is to be done by me.
I had to do it. It was to be done by me.
My father is to buy a car. A car is to be bought by my father.
The teacher was to teach us. We were to be taught by the teacher.
They had to build the bridge. The bridge had to be built.
EXERCISE 77
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
[Hint: 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 14 और 20 में by + agent का प्रयोग नहीं करें ।]
1. My father is to buy a car.
2. I am to teach him.
3. He is to teach me.
4. He was to invite me.
5. They were to build a bridge here.
6. She was to sell her cows.
7. I have to prove it.
8. She has to guide me.
9. He had to examine the patient.
10. The postman has to deliver the letters.
11. I was to help those poor boys.
12. We have to serve the country.
13. We had to inform the police of the accident.
14. They had to build the bridge.
15. Ram has to solve the problem.
16. The manager has to appoint him.
17. I am to buy some books.
18. She was to defeat the enemies.
19. The boys of this school are to plant some trees.
20. They are to play the match today.
11. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES EXPRESSING ORDER/COMMAND
जब Imperative Sentence से order/command का बोध होता है, तब हम प्रयुक्त Active Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए वाक्य को Let से शुरू करते हैं और Subject के बाद be + V3 का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे—
Active Passive
Do this work. Let this work be done.
Bring a glass of water. Let a glass of water be brought.
Open the door. Let the door be opened.
Switch on the radio. Let the radio be switched on.
Don't pluck the flowers. Let the flowers not be plucked.
Don't touch this wire. Let this wire not be touched.
Give the order. Let the order be given.
Inform the police of the accident. Let the police be informed of the accident.
12. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES EXPRESSING ADVICE
जब Imperative Sentence से advice (सलाह) का भाव व्यक्त होता है तब हम Passive form को Let से शुरू नहीं करते, बल्कि वाक्य को इस रूप में परिवर्तित करते हैं—
Subject + should + be + V3.
Active Passive
Love your country. Your country should be loved.
Help the poor. The poor should be helped.
Help your neighbours. Your neighbours should be helped.
Don't insult the weak. The weak should not be insulted.
Note: कुछ Sentences ऐसे होते हैं जिनसे यह स्पष्ट नहीं होता कि ये order हैं या advice. ऐसे sentences को Rule No. 11 या Rule No. 12 से बनाएँ ।
13. यदि Imperative Sentence के साथ Please / Kindly का प्रयोग हो, at Passive Verb Form के लिए वाक्य को You are requested to से शुरू करें । Please/Kindly का लोप कर शेष भाग को You are requested to के बाद जोड़ दें। जैसे—
Active Passive
Kindly post the letter. You are requested to post the letter.
Take your chair, please. You are requested to take your chair.
14. यदि Imperative Sentence Intransitive Verb से शुरू हो, तो Sentence Passive Construction You are ordered/You are advised का प्रयोग करें । जैसे—
Active Passive
Stand up. You are ordered to stand up.
Go there. You are ordered to go there.
Work hard. You are advised to work hard.
EXERCISE 78
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
Active Open the door.
Passive Let the door be opened.
1. Inform the police.
2. Post the letters.
3. Bring a glass of water.
4. Do this work.
5. Switch off the light.
6. Don't close the gate.
7. Read this book.
8. Shut all the doors.
9. Close the gate.
10. Don't touch the wire.
EXERCISE 79
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
Active Help your friends.
Passive Your friends should be helped.
1. Help the poor.
2. Help the poor students.
3. Respect your elders.
4. Love your country.
5. Love your neighbours.
6. Don't hate the poor. .... (should not be ....)
7. Don't cheat your friends.
8. Don't misguide the children.
9. Honour the brave.
10. Honour your parents.
EXERCISE 80
Direction : Turn the following into the passive—
Active Kindly help me.
Passive You are requested to help me.
1. Please take your seat.
2. Kindly give me money.
3. Kindly give me some food.
4. Please sit down.
5. Please go out.
6. Please enter by this gate.
7. Please do me a favour.
8. Take your chair, please.
EXERCISE 81
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
Active Do.
Passive You are ordered to do.
1. Go there.
2. Stand up.
3. Come tomorrow.
4. Work hard.
5. Sit down.
6. Sign here.
7. Go to market.
8. Go to bed.
15. अगर Active Verb के साथ preposition या adverb प्रयुक्त रहता है, तब अभीष्ट verb को Passive बनाते समय प्रयुक्त preposition/adverb का लोप नहीं किया जाता । जैसे—
Active Passive
He looks after me. I am looked after by him.
They will look after you well. You will be well looked after.
All his friends laugh at him. He is laughed at by all his friends.
We must listen to our elders. Our elders must be listened to.
They objected to his proposal. His proposal was objected to.
We must write to him. He must be written to.
The thief broke into the house. The house was broken into.
16. कुछ Passive Verbs के साथ by का प्रयोग नहीं होता । agent के पहले by के बदले अन्य उपयुक्त preposition का प्रयोग करना पड़ता है, जिसका चयन अभीष्ट verb पर निर्भर करता है । जैसे—
Active Passive
I know it. It is known to me.
He satisfied me. I was satisfied with him.
The result surprised me. I was surprised at the result.
His behaviour shocked me. I was shocked at his behaviour.
He pleased me. I was pleased with him.
The book has interested me I have been very much interested
very much. in this book.
17. VERBS WITH TWO OBJECTS
कुछ वाक्यों में Active Verb के बाद दो Objects आते हैं। जैसे—I gave him a book, यहाँ gave के बाद दो Objects आए हैं—him और book. इनमें से him Personal/Indirect Object है और book Direct Object। ऐसे दो Objects वाले Verb को Passive में बदलते समय हम किसी भी Object ant Subject बना सकते हैं । परंतु Personal Object/Indirect Object को Subject बनाना अच्छा माना जाता है । लेकिन, हमें Direct Object पर ही विशेष जोर देना हो, तो Direct Object को ही Subject बनाकर Active Verb को Passive में बदलना चाहिए। अन्य परिवर्तन सामान्य नियम के ही अनुसार होते हैं। जैसे—
Active Passive
1. I gave him a book. (a) He was given a book by me.
(b) A book was given (to) him by me.
2. He told me a story. (a) I was told a story (by him).
(b) A story was told me (by him).
3. I offered him a chair. (a) He was offered a chair by me.
(b) A chair was offered him by me.
4. The Principal has given (a) I have been given a prize by
me a prize. the Principal.
(b) A prize has been given me by the
Principal.
EXERCISE 82
Direction: Turn the following into the passive—
[Hint: 3, 4, 5, 7 और 9 में by + agent देने की जरूरत नहीं है । ]
BASED ON RULE NO. 15
1. They are laughing at her.
2. He looks after me.
3. The police are searching for him.
4. They will look into the matter.
5. The police enquired into the case.
6. All his friends laugh at him.
7. We must listen to the elders.
8. Put off the light.
9. They have given up the idea.
10. I must write to him.
BASED ON RULE NO. 16
11. She knows me. (known to)
12. I satisfied everybody. (satisfied with)
13. Your story has interested me. (interested in)
14. His behaviour shocked me. (shocked at)
15. Seven days make a week. (made of)
16. The news pleased me. (pleased with)
BASED ON RULE NO. 17
17. Ram gave me a present.
18. He teaches us English.
19. He promised me to win a prize.
20. The king gave him a reward.
21. We can give you a chance.
22. My brother will give you a book.
23. He handed me a bottle.
24. My father bought me a bicycle.
25. She gave me some food.
18. सिर्फ Transitive Verbs के ही Passive Voice होते हैं । अतः इन वाक्यों की क्रियाएँ Passive Voice में नहीं हैं—
He is gone. They are arrived.
He is come. Winter is come.
परंतु इन वाक्यों की क्रियाएँ Passive Voice में हैं—
The chair is broken. He is beaten.
इसलिए उन वाक्यों के Verbs को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता, जो Intransitive हैं । जैसे—
I read. I am going to school.
He has gone to Patna. They are good boys.
She is laughing. I am very tired.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE 83
Direction Put the following into the passive—
1. We respect him.
2. People speak Hindi in Bihar.
3. They are repairing the road.
4. You have made several mistakes.
5. The doctor is examining the patient.
6. Someone stole my pen.
7. They looted the house yesterday.
8. They were cutting the old trees.
9. The children had eaten the cakes.
10. The police arrested some thieves last night.
11. We shall discuss the matter tomorrow.
12. People will remember him.
13. He will have completed the work.
14. I can solve the problem.
15. She could help him.
16. She may defeat you.
17. They might win the game.
18. We should help the poor.
19. He would inform us.
20. You must support him.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE 84
Direction Turn the following into the passive―
1. I am to write a letter.
2. She is to teach my daughter.
3. They are to support me.
4. She was to invite me.
5. They were to cut the old trees.
6. We have to buy some books.
7. She has to complete the work.
8. They had to inform the police.
9. Bring a cup of tea.
10. Open the door.
11. Help your neighbours.
12. Kindly post the letters.
13. Go out of the room.
14. My mother looks after me.
15. You must write to her.
16. Everyone knows Gandhiji.
17. He pleased me.
18. She gave me an apple.
19. She told him a story.
20. My father bought me a watch.
***
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